
As a very young girl I remember feeling the ill effects of "bug sprays." As an Educational Consultant/Therapist since the opening of APOGEE Learning Enhancement Training Systems™ in 1983, I have consistently witnessed the ravages of insecticides, herbicides, and the now, all inclusive pesticides on the growth, development and well being of children. In 2005, after reading the research validating all of my own observations and concerns, I launched a campaign to bring my community into greater awareness, greater understanding, and to move to responsible action.  This resulted in the, "Rockland County Non-Toxic Land Maintenance Act, June, 2008: Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog » Blog Archive » Rockland Co. NY Legislature Passes Non-Toxic Landscape Act ~
 http://www.beyondpesticides.org/dailynewsblog/?p=374We as parents, as educators, as caring members of society, can no longer dismiss the need to protect our children from neurological insults,  and compromised immune and digestive systems resulting from exposure to pesticides.
 This recent report certainly warrants our  attention and action for change.
Rose Marie Raccioppi
Prenatal pesticide exposure linked to attention problems
in preschool-aged children                       
By Sarah Yang, Media Relations | 19 August 2010
                         
BERKELEY — Children who were  exposed to organophosphate pesticides while still in their mother's womb  were more likely to develop attention disorders years later, according  to a new study by researchers at the University of California,  Berkeley's School of Public Health. 
          
The new findings, published Aug. 19 in the journal  Environmental Health Perspectives (EHP), are the first to examine the  influence of prenatal organophosphate exposure on the later development  of attention problems. The researchers found that prenatal levels of  organophosphate metabolites were significantly linked to attention  problems at age 5, with the effects apparently stronger among boys. 
Earlier this year, a different study by  researchers at Harvard University associated greater exposure to  organophosphate pesticides in school-aged children with higher rates of  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. 
                                        
"These studies provide a growing body of evidence  that organophosphate pesticide exposure can impact human  neurodevelopment, particularly among children," said the study's  principal investigator, Brenda Eskenazi, UC Berkeley professor of  epidemiology and of maternal and child health. "We were especially  interested in prenatal exposure because that is the period when a baby's  nervous system is developing the most." 
The researchers followed  more than 300 children participating in the Center for the Health  Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS), a longitudinal  study led by Eskenazi that examines environmental exposures and  reproductive health. Because the mothers and children in the study are  Mexican-Americans living in an agricultural community, their exposure to  pesticides is likely higher and more chronic, on average, than that of  the general U.S. population. 
Yet, the researchers pointed out  that the pesticides they examined are widely used, and that the results  from this study are a red flag that warrants precautionary measures. 
"It's  known that food is a significant source of pesticide exposure among the  general population," said Eskenazi. "I would recommend thoroughly  washing fruits and vegetables before eating them, especially if you're  pregnant."
Organophosphate pesticides act by disrupting  neurotransmitters, particularly acetylcholine, which plays an important  role in sustaining attention and short-term memory.
"Given that  these compounds are designed to attack the nervous system of organisms,  there is reason to be cautious, especially in situations where exposure  may coincide with critical periods of fetal and child development," said  study lead author Amy Marks, who was an analyst at UC Berkeley's School  of Public Health at the time of the study. 
Many of these same UC  Berkeley researchers are also finding that children with certain  genetic traits may be at greater risk, a finding that is being published  the same day in a separate EHP paper. That study found that 2-year-olds  with lower levels of paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an enzyme that breaks down  the toxic metabolites of organophosphate pesticides, had more  neurodevelopmental delays than those with higher levels of the enzyme.  The authors suggested that people with certain PON1 genotypes could be  particularly vulnerable to pesticide exposure.
In the study on  attention problems, researchers tested for six metabolites of  organophosphate pesticides in mothers twice during pregnancy and in the  children several times after birth. Together, the metabolites represent  the breakdown products of about 80 percent of all the organophosphate  pesticides used in the Salinas Valley.
The researchers then  evaluated the children at age 3.5 and 5 years for symptoms of attention  disorders and ADHD using maternal reports of child behavior, performance  on standardized computer tests, and behavior ratings from examiners.  They controlled for potentially confounding factors such as birthweight,  lead exposure and breastfeeding.
Each tenfold increase in  prenatal pesticide metabolites was linked to having five times the odds  of scoring high on the computerized tests at age 5, suggesting a greater  likelihood of a child having clinical ADHD. The effect appeared to be  stronger for boys than for girls. 
While a positive link between  prenatal pesticide exposure and attention problems was seen for  3.5-year-olds, it was not statistically significant, a finding that did  not surprise the researchers. 
"Symptoms of attention disorders  are harder to recognize in toddlers, since kids at that age are not  expected to sit down for significant lengths of time," said Marks.  "Diagnoses of ADHD often occur after a child enters school." 
The  UC Berkeley researchers are continuing to follow the children in the  CHAMACOS study as they get older, and expect to present more results in  the years to come. 
The findings add to the list of chemical  assaults that have been linked to ADHD in recent years. In addition to  pesticides, studies have found associations with exposure to lead and to  phthalates, which are commonly used in toys and plastics.
"High  levels of the symptoms of ADHD by age 5 are a major contributor to  learning and achievement problems in school, accidental injuries at home  and in the neighborhood, and a host of problems in peer relationships  and other essential competencies," said UC Berkeley psychology professor  Stephen Hinshaw, one of the country's leading experts on ADHD, who was  not part of this study. "Finding preventable risk factors is therefore a  major public health concern."
Other co-authors of the paper on  attention problems are Kim Harley, Asa Bradman, Katherine Kogut and  Caroline Johnson at UC Berkeley's Center for Children's Environmental  Health Research; Dana Boyd Barr at Emory University's Rollins School of  Public Health; and Norma Calderon at the Clinica de Salud del Valle de  Salinas. 
The authors of the PON1 paper include Nina Holland and  Karen Huen at UC Berkeley's Center for Children's Environmental Health  Research.
The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,  the Environmental Protection Agency and the National Institute for  Occupational Health and Safety helped fund this research.
And from Paul Tukey of SafeLawns.org
Be informed - awareness - responsive action - change -
greater assurance for well being. 
For additional information and recent research findings:
Beyond Pesticides - Pesticide-Induced Diseases
http://www.beyondpesticides.org/health/index.htm
Pesticides 101 - A Primer | Pesticide Action Network
http://www.panna.org/issues/pesticides-101-primer
A  Wake-Up Story is a must-see video for every parent and anyone that  cares about the health and development of children. Watch it. Share it.  Join the movement.
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